What type of information does a balance sheet provide?

The balance sheet is a financial statement that offers a snapshot of an individual or organization's financial position at a specific point in time. It is structured around the accounting equation: Assets = Liabilities + Equity. This means that it provides a comprehensive overview of what an entity owns (assets), what it owes (liabilities), and the residual interest of the owners (net worth or equity) after all liabilities have been settled.

By showcasing assets such as cash, property, and investments, as well as liabilities like loans and other obligations, the balance sheet allows for an assessment of financial health and solvency. It is distinct from other financial reports as it does not project future income or include historical expenses in isolation, nor does it focus on investment performance over time. Instead, its primary function is to provide a clear and immediate understanding of financial standing at a designated moment.