Which item is included in the calculation of the Gross Debt Service Ratio (GDSR)?

The Gross Debt Service Ratio (GDSR) is a financial metric used to assess an individual's ability to manage housing-related debt. It measures the percentage of a person's gross income that goes toward housing costs. When calculating the GDSR, housing costs typically include mortgage payments, property taxes, and heating expenses.

Property taxes are a crucial component of housing costs since they are required payments associated with owning residential property. Including property taxes in the GDSR calculation provides a more accurate reflection of the overall financial obligations a homeowner faces. Therefore, this makes property taxes a relevant item in determining the Gross Debt Service Ratio.

The other options listed, such as personal loan payments, insurance premiums, and overdraft charges, are not directly related to the housing costs that the GDSR focuses on, which is why they are not included in this calculation. Personal loan payments represent consumer debt rather than housing expenses, while insurance premiums may vary and are generally considered personal expenses unless they are specifically tied to the property. Overdraft charges are unrelated to debt payments for a property.